computer components

Computer Components

All types of computers follow a same basic logical structure and perform the following five basic operations for converting raw input data into useful information.

1. Take Input

2. Store Data

3. Processing Data

4. Output Information

5. Control the workflow

Input Unit :

 This unit contains devices which help us enter data into computer. This unit makes link between user and computer. This unit translate the human being information into computer understandable.

       

              Input Device:- Most common used input devices are -

Keyboard, Mouse, Joystick, Light pen, Track ball, Scanner, Microphone, etc..

  

 Output Device:- Few of the important output devices, which are used in Computer Systems: 

Monitor, Graphic Plotter, Printer, Speaker. Etc..

Output Unit:

 Output unit consists the devices which help us get the information from computer. This unit is a link between computer and users. Output Unit translate the computer’s output into users understandable.

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

CPU is considered as the brain of the computer. CPU performs all types of data processing operations. It stores data, intermediate results and instructions (program). It controls the operations of all parts of computer.

            CPU contains three components

ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) - This unit consists of two subsections namely:

   ARITHMETIC SECTION - Function of Arithmetic section is to perform arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. All complex operations are done by making repetitive use of above operations.

            LOGIC SECTION - Function of logic section is to perform logic operations such as comparing, selecting, matching and merging of data.

Memory Unit - This unit can store instructions, data and intermediate results. This unit supplies information to the other units of the computer when needed. It is also known as internal storage unit or main memory or primary storage or Random access memory(RAM). It stores all the data to be processed and the instructions required for processing.

Control Unit - This unit controls the operations of all parts of computer. It does not carry out any actual data processing operations. It is responsible for controlling the transfer of data and instructions among other units of a computer.